Cambrigde AS Computer Science考试大纲总览

1339 字

7 分钟

2026-07-18

学校

/

笔记

/

AS

/

计算机

/

资料

1. Information Representation (信息表示)#

1.1 Data Representation (数据表示)
- Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
- one’s and two’s complement representation (原码/反码/补码表示)
1.2 Multimedia (多媒体)
- Image (bitmap and vector) (图像：位图与矢量图)
- Sound (声音)
1.3 Compression (压缩)
- Run-length encoding (游程编码)

2.1 Networks (网络)
- networking devices (网络设备)
- LAN vs WAN (局域网与广域网)
- client-server vs P2P (客户机/服务器模式与点对点模式)
- thick client vs thin client (胖客户端与瘦客户端)
- net topologies: bus, star, mesh, hybrid (网络拓扑结构：总线型、星型、网状型、混合型)
- cloud computing (云计算)
- wired and wireless network devices, internet infrastructures (有线/无线网络设备，互联网基础设施)
- CSMA/CD (载波监听多路访问/冲突检测)
- bit streaming (比特流)
- WWW vs Internet (万维网与互联网的区别)
- IP addresses and transmission (IP地址与传输)
- URL, WWW, and DNS (统一资源定位符、万维网与域名系统)

3.1 Computer Components (计算机组件)
- I/O & storages (输入/输出与存储)
- embedded system (嵌入式系统)
- hardwares’ mechanisms (硬件机制)
- buffers (缓冲区)
- RAM + ROM (随机存取存储器 + 只读存储器)
- SRAM + DRAM (静态随机存取存储器 + 动态随机存取存储器)
- PROM + EPROM + EEPROM (可编程ROM、可擦除可编程ROM、电可擦除可编程ROM)
- monitoring and control system (监控与控制系统)
3.2. Logic gates and logic circuits (逻辑门与逻辑电路)
- problem statement -> logic circuits / truth table / logic expression

4.1 CPU architecture (CPU架构)
- stored program concept (存储程序概念)
- registers (寄存器)
- ALU + CU + clock + IAS(RAM) (算术逻辑单元+控制单元+时钟+指令地址寄存器/内存)
- data flow in buses (数据在总线中的流动)
- USB + HDMI + VGA (接口标准)
- Register Transfer Notation (RTN) (寄存器传输表示法)
- Interrupt (中断)
4.2 Assembly language (汇编语言)
- 2 pass assembler (两遍扫描汇编程序)
- basic instructions (基本指令)
- mode of addressing (寻址方式)
4.3. Bit manipulation (位操作)
- bit binary shifts (二进制移位)
- bit masking (位掩码/按位屏蔽)

5.1 OS (操作系统)
- core managements tasks (核心管理任务)
- typical utility softwares (典型实用软件)
- program libraries (程序库)
5.2. Translators (翻译程序/编译器)
- Partially compilation (eg Java) (部分编译，例如Java)
- IDE (集成开发环境)

6.1. Data Security (数据安全)
- security of data & security of computer system (数据安全与计算机系统安全)
- security techniques (安全技术)
6.2. Data Integrity (数据完整性)
- Validation and Verification. (Data entry and data transfer) (验证与确认：数据录入与数据传输)

8.1 Concept (概念) * file-based (基于文件) * relational database model (关系型数据库模型) * E-R diagram (实体-关系图) * normalisation (规范化)
8.2. DBMS (数据库管理系统)
- features (特性)
- tools (工具)
8.3. DDL and DML (数据定义语言与数据操纵语言)
- create database (创建数据库)
- create table (创建表)
- alter table (修改表)
- select data (查询数据)
- maintain data (维护数据)

9.1 Computational Thinking Skills (计算思维技能)
- abstraction and decomposition (抽象与分解)
9.2. Algorithms (算法)
- use of pseudocode (使用伪代码)
- structured English description (结构化英语描述)
- flow chart (流程图)
- stepwise refinement (逐步求精)

10.1 Data Types and Records (数据类型与记录)
10.2 Array (数组)
- bubble sort (冒泡排序)
- linear search (线性查找)
10.3. Files (文件)
- READ, WRITE, APPEND (读取、写入、追加)
10.4. ADT (抽象数据类型)
- stack, queue, linked list (栈、队列、链表)
- use arrays to make ADTs (使用数组实现抽象数据类型)

11.1 Programming Basics (编程基础)
11.2 Constructs (构造/控制结构)
- Justification of loops (循环论证/循环的应用原理)
11.3. Structured Programming (结构化编程)
- Procedure and Function (过程与函数)
- parameter: by passed, by value, by reference (参数：值传递、引用传递)

12.1 PDLC (程序开发生命周期)
- different development life cycles: (waterfall, iterative, RAD) (不同的开发生命周期：瀑布模型、迭代模型、快速应用开发)
12.2 Program design (程序设计)
- structure chart (结构图)
- state-transition diagrams (状态转换图)
12.3. Program Testing and Maintenance (程序测试与维护)
- methods to avoid faults (避免错误的方法)
- error types (错误类型)
- testing methods (测试方法)
- test data (测试数据)
- maintenance type (维护类型)